abordoliMay 07, 2012Who/what put it there?
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The place you are talking about it the cargo/payload-hold of the bomber spacecraft that had to forceland on LV-426 because one of the bio-weapons got loose, jumped on the pilot, laid an egg, and jumped off and died. The purpose of the mist was to detect any premature hatching of its cargo.
Who sent the distress signal later discovered by the Nostromo?
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The pilot from above initiated the distress signal (more likely a warning signal) after he awoke from the face-hugger coma. He activated it a million years ago when all of the above went down. The signal was first picked up by "The Company" who had reached a stage where they could hear it and translate it to be a warning signal indicating some nice alien-tech/bio-weapon goodies might be aboard. The Nostromo had yet to reach Thedus. They quickly arranged the swapping out of the science officer, Ash. Then when the Nostromo was close, mother woke the crew up as per its instructions by "The Company".
Note
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It is possible that the SJ was face-hugged before taking off (a million years ago) and was not infected by the cargo it was transporting. The last 8 minutes of Prometheus "may" shed some light as to what happened (possibly through ancient video archive footage).