Female Babyhead

Well from what i have worked out, and this is just my interpretation....

The Goo at the start and in the urns are not the same... (but Fox have now gone the route that they are)  You see Spaights draft the Goo was replaced with Tiny Nano Bugs that was stored in a Sacrifical Cup, these many thousands and thousands of nano bugs then consumed the Engineer Molecule by Molecule and each bug then stored the Engineers DNA inside of itself....

These Bugs (Scarabs) then fly off into the wind...

Then next scene takes us to a female early Primate and this is bitten by one of these Nano Scarabs, and the Primate starts to change and evolve and this was Spaights way of showing how Mankind came to be.

That we was upgraded and made into Hybrid of Primate and Engineer DNA, which was applied to the Primate via the Nano Bugs injecting a Cargo of Engineer DNA which this Bug is shown to have obtained from devouring the Sacrifical Engineer or a part of him, of which hundreds of thousands combined led to the complete devouring of the Engineer.

Spaights draft was the Original Idea, he came up with this and the Engineers creating mankind etc.

The above sounds similar to the Goo because the Goo replaced the Bugs and what we see in Prometheus is a thicker substance that reacts with the Attmosphere, is consumed by the Engineer, this substance infects his complete molecular structure causing the DNA and Molecules to unravel and fall apart, the building blocks of the Engineer being broken down into millions of black infected strands..... this appears as a liquid, just as our blood does instead of the actual Blood Cell lookes like under a microscope.

We see some of this broken down genetic material fly off into the wind but a majority of it falls into the Water Fall, as the Engineers body falls into it while still being broken down.

We are then shown these DNA strands reforming... thus a hint that the Engineers broken down Genetic Material is spread within the water and starts to reform as basic life.... But it could also had merged with basic life and caused it to evolve, proof of this is in the Planet Surface it has Plant Life and Water, and thus for that they evolved from Algae of which we see present in Prometheus...

Thus the presence of early Eukaryote Organisms could have been present in the Water, for plants to had evolved and survive they need CO2, which is a bi-product of Organic Life even as far as early Bacteria.  Logically maybe the scene shows us the Engineers broken down DNA fuses with basic life and provides the catalyst to kick start advanced evolution into multi cell organisms.

Fast Forward in  Prometheus and we see the Substance in the Urns, infects what we are shown to be Worms, they are shown to come into contact with the Goo, and later we get our Hammerpedes.... who have some Xeno Traits to them.

We then see Fifield get infected and well his mutation is not so Xeno looking but the other concepts for Fifield was more Xeno related and connected to the Hammerpedes as far as similar style of infection.

We then see Holloway is infected with Goo, has Sex with Shaw that led to her being pregnant with the Trillobite that grew into what Face Hugged the Engineer to produce the Deacon that had the most Xeno DNA and was the money shot to show a connection to the Xeno.

So the Goo was intended to pass on Xeno Traits, but then why did the Engineer at the start of the movie not have Xeno Traits?  oh he swallowed the stuff by then why has mankind not evolved into Xeno trait Organisms? Or why did Holloways DNA break down and instead how come his infection led to a Xeno related Organism?

The Answer is again going back to the Urns in Spaights draft.... here Fifield knocks over a Urn and it smashes and released from the Urn is thousands of Nano Scarabs, the same as what consumed the Sacrificial Engineer and passed his DNA onto the Primate to then produce Mankind...

Fifeld gets bitten and he is mutated into something that has the resemblence of a Xeno, his mutation carries a lot of Xeno DNA... 

If the Bugs at the start of Spaights draft consumed the Engineers DNA and then passed it onto a Primate to create a Hybrid that passed on the Engineers traits and DNA and thus made us.... how does the Nano Bugs bite Fifield and cause him to carry Xeno DNA and Traits?

Simple answer is those bugs stored in the Urns, must have consumed the DNA of a Xeno or related Organism..... this was Spaights idea....

The stuff in the Sacrifical Bowl/Cup consumes and breaks down the Victims DNA into another means (Bugs carry the DNA, or Goo that does) this other means when it contacts another organism it passes on the DNA of the Organism it consumed onto the new Organism it has contacted thus creating a Hybrid.

The Bugs/Goo at the start of both drafts had the same effect, only one shows it infect a Primate to evolve into us, and the other it infects basic life or even started basic life.

Latter as far as the Urns they contain the substance after it has obtained DNA from a Sacrifice... The Urns contained Nano Bugs carrying DNA of a Xeno, and in Prometheus this was Black Goo that somehow lead to Xeno DNA.

The Mural in front of the Altar shows the Deacon/Xeno Organism and a process of Sacrifice to two kinds of Face Huger (the other two Giger Concepts, the 3rd one was the one that is the traditional Face Huger). 

Infont of the Mural was Originally shown the Sacrificial Bowl/Cup, this is shown in the trailers, and is changed in the movie to a Green Orb...

The Deacon is in a Cruciform Pose, like Jesus Christ, this does not mean Worship or God, it kind of means Worship but it is Worship to the Sacrifice of Christ, and thus maybe Worship of the Sacrifice of the Xeno/Deacon Organism...

Of note, Spaights Sacrifical Engineer takes Cruciform pose before the Nano Bugs consume his Genetic Material. The Cruciform connection is thus made to represent Sacrifice, and the appearence of the Bowl in front of the Mural could sugest that indeed the Deacon/Xeno or related Organism to its Life Cycle was Sacrificed with  the Sacrifical Goo and the resulting substance is then stored in those Urns.

Ask yourself, if the Sacrificial Engineer consumed the Goo while he was in some kind of like Cryo Pod, and the broken down material was then collected and stored into Jars...  would not then dropping those Jars into the Water not cause the same kind of event?

As far as how to answer your original question,  well with the above i can.  We have to assume that if we say the Female is infected with the Goo in the same manner that the Hammerpedes was and Fifield, i.e not consumed and we take into account the evolution of the Worms into Hammerpedes and then the Fifield Concept Mutations that are more connected to the level of mutation that the Worms went through...

Here are some of the other Fifield Concept Works

You can see the above have more of a Xeno look to them?  And the 2nd one especially you can see more of a connection with its changes compared to those that led to the Hammerpedes.

In Spaights draft the Fifield mutation was descibed to be more similar to this 2nd image.

But then there would be no telling how a Female Human would mutate but we can assume something like the above, or maybe even like Sil/Eve or Sara from Species... as they was based off Gigers work too

By that i think if we assume the Goo passes on Xeno Traits then we would get something that would be a Hybrid and half Human and half Xeno and maybe Giger inspired.

As far as reproduction well, who knows a Female Hybrid could mate in anyway as it could carry Xeno DNA as far as reproduction and so could maybe lay Eggs?  Or if not and it reproduced like Humans do then it could get pregnant and give birth to a Hybrid but would this have even more Xeno or even more Human DNA would be anyones guess.

The Hybrid Female, may not even need to mate, maybe it can find other means to reproduce who knows......

As far as the Hammerpedes and its traits and connection with the Worms, then what we see is the Goo Evolves a Lifeform... it passes on Xeno traits while it also Evolves the best traits of the Original Organism, in the Hammerpedes case the Worms ability to Regenerate. Only the procedure is vastly more fast due to the evolution of that trait.

So a Human Hybrid would have some of its best traits evolved, while taking on Xeno DNA Too...

As far as the Trillobite, well here is what happened....

Holloway was infected, either his infected Sperm, or some Parasite he was carrying had got into Shaws Womb and somehow it either made her Pregnant by somehow repairing the none functioning cells or Eggs or reasons for why she could not get pregnant.. or the Parasite used her womb as a incubator...

If we go the route of the infected Holloway Sperm, or a Parasite infuses with one of Shaws Eggs, then the Trillobite is a simple explanation.

A Egg is a blank canvas, a Fertilized Egg becomes a Embryo....  Almost all advanced life on Earth at the first Embryo stage are very similar.

As you will see from above....

If we now assume the Goo, basically re-writes the DNA of the Organism it infects so that it passes on Xeno Traits and Evolves its current traits, then a Human Egg, or even Stage One Embryo does not have much Human DNA to change or Traits and thus what we get is a Hybrid that carries far more Xeno DNA

The result was something more related to the Xenos Life Cycle, and as Humans go through stages of Growth from between Embryo Stages 1 Egg to Blastocyst to Stage 2 Blastocyst to Stage 1 Empryo Feotus.....

Maybe the Xeno DNA Produces from the Egg Stage to the Trilobite instead of Feotus, and this Trilobite then performs the next stage where it needs a Host... or that indeed the Embryo just grows into the Trillobite.

I think this is how come the Trillobite was basically a varient of the Face Huger, because a Human Egg or early Embryo does not contain as much DNA to be re-written and replaced with Xeno DNA and thus we get more Xeno DNA, as oppossed to the other infections we saw i.e Hammerpede and Fifield.