October 25, 2012It's not officially stated anywhere that the planet at the beginning of the movie was in fact Earth. Ridley Scott said that "It doesn't have to be". It's to symbolize that the engineers do that to create life on planets at large in the universe, with the engineer drinking the liquid being like a volunteer who sacrifices himself in like a religious ceremony such as those had in ancient Aztec or Mayan cultures on Earth. One person would be treated like a king for a year, given everything he could want, then he would die so everyone will please the gods.
The room with the large statue of a head was an altar room, with the goo in the vases there as offerings.