Not quite sure i am seeing anything.
Its a limited view from the Bombardment where we see David and the center of this view is about i have made this image which may not be 100% Accurate.
The Orange/Yellow areas are to show the areas between these is where we can see in the Scene the OT was referring to, is where we see Sun Light is hitting, it is obscured in some parts by maybe the Ships and Clouds.

The blue is approximately the area that could be seen from the viewers point of view of the Bombardment Image with David looking over, i can kind of see that the Sun Pattern has moved.
This is either a Oversight Mistake by those working on the movie, or we could explain it away by Clouds as this World is very Cloudy.
I dont think the World has a Quick Rotation i would assume and it appears to be a mistake again by those working on the Movie that this World they have listed as having a Mass Greater than Earths by around 30% yet the world is 5th the size of Earth.
Such a World would not have 7 Moons, so i assume its a mistake.
I would assume that this Worlds Days have to be 18-28 hour mark.
I think regardless the point is to ask are these two shots in the OT taken at different times and i will have to say NO they appear they are only moments apart.
I will safely assume that the Juggernaught enters the Atmosphere and flies towards the City, where it is intercepted by this other Ship and Dock Together and then unleash the Bombardment.