Comments (Page 293)
Latest comments by Alien fans on news, forum discussions and images!
My TWO CENTS...
I think Prometheus was actually interesting, but i felt (aside from some Acting/Scenes) i felt Plot Wise it was Good, i did feel it needed a bit less Ambiguity and a little more clues to the Xenomorph Connection and it need some kind of Xenomorph related Conflict... i like the Engineers just felt the Size was not good, which they had intended to have them LARGER but they decided against such Effects that The LORD OF THE RINGS/HOBBIT used.
1) A few More Clues between the Connection to LV-223 and the Egg Cargo. (a bit less Ambiguity) as far as the Xenomorph and Black Goo.... which could have been done via.
*Longer Look at and some related Dialog about the Mural and Frescos.
*Fifield Monster Looking more Alieny. (kills 1-2 less people).
*Milburn either NOT spiting out a Hammerpede, and replace with.... or add after... a Chest Burster, Mouth Burster Organism similar to the Neomorph that would attack a Crew-member and then get KILLED... resulting in Acid Blood.
*Closer Look at one of the other CRYO-PODS with maybe a comment.
These would have helped to make more of a Connection to the Xenomorph, while not being Spoon-Fed it would lead Fans to those Monsters either came from Xenomorph DNA/Experiments or they shared a Common Origin with the Xenomorph (which Alien Engineers covered).
2) Slight Improvement with the Engineers, as in used effects like LOTR and HOBBIT to make our Engineers appear 8-10ft Tall.
*Maybe a few more clues about the Engineers.
*Longer Engineer Scenes with Dialog and maybe Translations/Subtitles.
Apart from that i think Prometheus was Perfectly passable as a Movie Pseudo Prequel. Problem is with adding more scenes, such as some you mentioned too Ingeniero is adding to the Run-Time that FOX deemed for a Theatrical Release.
This has caused Problems with the Prequels because you cant cover too much, unless its more a No Brains Action Shoot-em up Movie like ALIENS. were you just Spoon Feed whats needed to get to the Action.
"I thought that Dr. Holloway turned into a giant humanoid and attacked Dr. Shaw "
Funny you should say that..... i was thinking similar when i saw the Trailer where some Humanoid was standing over Dr Shaw and looked about 6ft 2" and i thought this was either David being Granted a Gift like Pinocchio had, or Weyland being Granted a New Body and by Granted i thought maybe Stolen... But alas it was the Engineer, just that one shot he did-not look 7ft as the Actor was, never mind 8ft+.... it was just a shot of how Camera Angels can make a 7ft Person look 8ft+ in one scene but then just over 6ft in another.
Regarding the Pyramid.... i think to a degree this was in part carried over for Prometheus with our Temple Complexes. I have never read Alien Advent, but it seems similar to if you replaced the Pyramid with Engineer Temple Complex, and a incoming ship Discovered the Wreckage of Prometheus and the Life-boat.... so more like what a Prometheus 2 could have been if we had a Alternative Plot that investigated LV-223 but then another to Planet 4 could also fit a similar like Plot.
I think the Comment to Oram is once again one of those Ambiguous things we have in the Prequels where it could be interpreted as other things and could even mean multiple things.
1) Mother as in MUTHUR the ships computer? i think this depends on WHEN the Company had such a thing as MUTHUR computers, i have to check if it was referred to as such in Prometheus. If we go for this route, then it would indicated the Company Knows where David was and sent the Covenant to near Planet 4 and set up the Neutrino Burst or that David had set this Trap.
I think eventually we could be led to Davids AI being in Control of the Companies Computers, but i am not sure he had any such Control until the END of Alien Covenant.. but then we can ask WHY the Computer Recognized Davids own Log In and Command.
2) Mother as in INCUBATION (Gestation) for his Xenomorph... this one i think is for certain, because we can take from that Scene that David has those Eggs there for who knows how long, but can assume Planet 4 has NO more Hosts.... so those Eggs were waiting for a Mother to Incubate and Give Birth to his Xenomorph.
I think eventually indeed we would have see a Evolution of the Xenomorph, RS had said we are NOT QUITE there yet. I have a feeling either towards the END of the Sequel or in Alien Covenant Part 3 is where we would see the Xenomorphs Evolution to get to what we had in ALIEN
From his comments it seemed like those who are expecting more about the Xenomorph in the NEXT installment will FEEL as Short Changed as those who after Prometheus were expecting to see more about Dr Shaw and the Engineers.
Great shares and good find BigDave.
Great concept art. Thank you.
I would have liked to see the holographic playback of the alien spacecraft control room from the "datasticks" ali81 in the STARBEAST script.

Love it. Thank you.
"The Empire Magazine Special has Reignited theories into what the Sequel had in mind... which has lead to Speculation that it will be set on LV-426. I believe this is INCORRECT.
If we look at some of the Comments that Ridley Scott has made regarding the Sequel and Artificial Intelligence and Xenomorph we see that he seems to think the Xenomorph has nearly run its course and you have to come up with something NEW, he also had said the Next Movie would be about Artificial Intelligence and he had asked us "what kind of a World would David build?""
I agree. A lot of what was collected together in the past week was old news and assumptions as far as what I read.
David told Oram he was frustrated due to a lack of a key ingredient, Mother. Once Mother arrived, David had both the gained knowledge of the pathogen and those to use it on.
I assume, based on the end of Alien: Covenant and Scott's previous comments, that we would see the connection in-between the xenomorph encountered on Planet 4 and the patient/lurking biomechanical xenomorph from LV-426.
I love the face hugger! I must have it too. They all look great.
Thank you Dark Nebula.
Great angle BigDave.
What I wanted from the prequels:
When I first watched the first trailers for Prometheus, I thought that Dr. Holloway turned into a giant humanoid and attacked Dr. Shaw in the film....I wasn't sure what I was seeing but I loved the look of the film.
Looking back, what I would change would be to include more of Earth before they left such as archaeology dig sites or an urban scape...shown in flashbacks while they are asleep on the way to LV-223. Include more dream intrusions by David into everyone sleeping, and I would certainly want to see David's visit in Peter Weyland's dream while in hypersleep and a close-up of this yacht, below.

The Pyramid
The Pyramid is a recurring theme in the scripts, films, and comics. In Aliens: Advent Part 1 (2013), the team sets down for a potential archeological score.

I know this topic is assuming Alien: Covenant hasn't been made, so my wish would be to see some pursue the concepts of the comic in regards to exploring ruins and coming across a human team's ship from before (below).

Dan O'Bannon's Alien Pyramid, below.

BigDave When the books have been read by a wider audience I will happiy explain my choices about the 25th and 26th, the implications of the Mythos and how it refracts truths about human behaviour and the notion of an Intelligent Universe and an Engineered creation and its consequences but I would appreciate if we can set aside all the "stuff" about the films and other projects. The books speak for themselves in that regard. For me my view of the films is expressed by whats in the books and I have nothing further to say about them. To give a simple example if there is a line of dialogue in the Crossing which turns up in Regained that speaks for itself. Equally if Davids aspiration for living in a kind world is given a different context by me and possibly different behaviour surrounding that remark well that says it all. I clearly know what resonates with me and I would enjoy it if other people see it the same way but that is a positive movement not a chance to rehearse all the frustrations with the films.
"but I am not constrained by an ALIEN straight jacket"
I think thats a exceptional comment, because it kind of is what has happened with the Direction they took with Alien Covenant, they NOW are stuck in that Straight Jacket
Regarding Dr Shaw a lot of people found her Boring, and Naive and never had much hope for a Sequel... But this is where it could have Dramatically Changed, i feel Noomi Rappace was stuck in a Straight Jacket with her Character i felt she could only do as good as the Character given but there was potential (i felt she was underrated Noomi that is) Were we could have gone NEXT really could have given her a New Arc! And this is a ALIEN Franchise Spin off so its not going to be about Finally Meeting God at the Pearly Gates of Heaven, and Entering Paradise as her Faith would donate! For someone whos Faith has been Questioned...
What happens Next could have been interesting and been explored in a number of ways that could lead to a Character Development that is interesting and really push Noomi Rappace to pull off more than her limitations of Character in Prometheus.
We also have David who is now truly Free, has realized his Maker Weyland is Nowhere near deserving to proclaim to be a God and be Granted Immortality, he has witnessed there is NOTHING to different with the Engineers.
A Superior Being, mistreated and disrespected who has come to confirm there is MAYBE nothing special about our Creation, our would be Gods...... But he comes to see Dr Shaw and her treatment of him and outlook on Life in spite of the Loss she has suffered, the Curse of not being able to Create Life, like himself. He may Question what makes her so different to Weyland and Holloway, was her Faith part of that? so David could had gone on a Philosophical and Spiritual Journey
There have been a number of Sci-Fi Movies/TV Series about Creation and Hubris of doing so, and Faith and Religion, that also go the route of AI that starts to have Philosophical, Religious and Faith Arcs. A lot of people overlook a Part of Alien Resurrection where Synthetics Created the Autons, and these Sub-Creations (inc Call) are a kind of Religious Cult.
I think indeed there was a lot they could have done with the ARC of David and Dr Shaw... and i look forwards to were you was taking it.
I find it fitting with The Crossing Prologue and how this to me links to the AURORA - Nature Boy Song
This Song indeed does fit with David, and indeed those words are likely something he would mention to those who encounter him after his Journey from the End of Prometheus to the Closure of the Crossing Prologue
I take this into account with his conversation towards Daniels "what kind of a world can we build" which he replies "if we are kind to it, it will be a kind world"
When looking at RS comments about the sequel, and also looking at his Raised by Wolves TV Series i cant help but think there are a lot of things he wanted to cover which he did not in Alien Covenant, which i feel he may have with the sequel... i speculated what this could have been in my Topic Alien Exodus
I will note that in these Series of Back to the Future (Hindsight) Threads you can use any ideas that was pondered prior/during the Said Prequel so in this case Prior to 2012... But if you want to incorporate ideas that appeared in latter Prequels thats fine but i dont want this to become a Alien Covenant Topic/Bashing... that is Saved for Back to the Future Part 2.
For example..... Ridley Scott around 1983-1984 had a different idea of where he would have taken the Series (ALIEN 2) and introduce us to TWO Races, at this time it appeared he wanted to carry on with what was left out from STARBEAST and that being the Pyramid and a Ancient Alien Civilization were the Xenomorph was part of this.
And in 2002 he and James Cameron had discussed a Prequel but this never got made, where we would go to the Homeworld of the ALIEN (Xenomorph) and what a Dark Place this would have been but also potentially introduce another Race into the Equation too.
We never really got to see either of these in the Prequel worked on in 2009-2011 but some aspects may have been used, so do you think any of these TWO should have been the way to go, or maybe more elements of them incorporated with the Alien Engineers/Paradise Route?
I know what I say from AC: Origins book. It's a great fantastic. Yeah, about his eyes no words, but we know what androids is a life form and they can eat and have hair growth and other organic senses. We can conclude that he sees like humans. Maybe better (humans eyes not perfect eyes on earth, btw even not close). In any case, not 1 and 0.
@ BigDave
Its quite understandable that fans come up with scenarios, rule books and then kind of stop because the challenge for the writer of a book is the same as the screen play. Where is the story ? Without a story your wandering about in the mist.
Prometheus is much more closely related to 2001 than ALIEN it is rich in thematic qualities and symbolism. Everything in the film the look, the characters what happens to them is a mixture of those qualities. However when you arrive at the end of the experience something very interesting has happened the mode of storytelling has subtly changed. For whatever reason, one being Weyland's death, two characters have entered into a traditional narrative bond.
The story is no longer driven by ideas its driven by them. They have 'form' both individually and collectively and most importantly that relationship has unused dramatic potential.
Finding the story out of that was easy but I am not constrained by an ALIEN straight jacket. Of course by telling their story it is then also easy to answer all the questions because between them they represent all of them.
As regards the first part of the tale. Ridley had Prometheus on the streets in two years I have had chance to think about the movie for six years and then make adjustment's to how to express the themes and symbolism.
John Logan said that with Covenant Ridley got comfortable with the relationship with the creature but in story telling terms there are four elements to that relationship. LV426/Derelict/Pilot/Cargos' destination. Why not acknowledge that ?
What I find most fascinating is that in my research I found others had written speculatively about where next and once you have read one particular article and read the books you might wonder if I have plagiarised the story development is so similar. But most pleasing was last week I found an I V with Noomi from 2014 where she was asked where she thought Elizabeth might go philosophically and it was the same place I have taken her.
I look forwards to reading them, i am always welcome to alternative Stories to Fill In Gaps or Replace Elements
I have had many ideas over the years, alternatives that is, i just cant get Motivated to Dedicate them to Completion like you have Michelle, one latest idea was to do a Alternative Prometheus 2.... (i had attempted before) but one i pondered are what IF we see David and Dr Shaw take a Journey to the Engineers World that is on the Other Side of the Galaxy or Even another Galaxy, and a Alternative Follow up where they Return back in the Future, with a Alternative Time-Line, where the Taking of the Juggernaught on LV-223 had activated another that Carried on and Dropped its Cargo on Earth so when Dr Shaw and David return back to Earth after Discovering Paradise is NOT what Dr Shaw thought it would be, she goes HOME to discover Earth is is now a HELL and a very HR Giger Alien Hive World.
I hope it does not come across like i trying to Hijack the Tread.... what i was saying i am very open minded and enjoy seeing other peoples take on HOW things should have Proceeded and i am really looking forwards to reading your Labor of Love on the Project Michelle.
They could do like Resident Evil 2 and have two campaigns. Scenario A would be as Marines and B would be as the stealthy Xeno. If it doesn't keep the survival horror aspect, it will likely be an FPS with Giger paint.
There was only so much they could do with Aliens Colonial Marines. The Good News is the Prequels open up much more to be explored and shown.
I have to say this Specimen is Amazing....
Its Perfection is only Matched by its Hefty Price Tag ;) Sometimes you get what you pay for... a Ferrari is not a Renault.
I think its hard to judge by a Game, they may cover Elements/Plots that make the Movies Events Canon to the Game, but maybe not Vice Versa
However.... if a Game Sells well, gets Rave Reviews and Positive things mentioned about certain things they Show/Cover... i think Disney could take them on board, if and should they pursue a Movie or TV Series... also if there are Elements that Fans Disliked they could also consider them and maybe not go similar routes with any Movies or TV Series.
I think the Prometheus Plot expands the Possibilities of what a ALIEN Game Franchise can include, quite Substantially.
"Also, Is he recording what he 'sees'? Does he have access to his past?"
Who knows how much Data Storage David has, i will assume that he has acquired about 80 Years of Date/Memories and Experiences by the time Alien Covenants Events end. When we had Prometheus and the Viral Marketing for that Movie, with the David 1-8 Models i had always assumed that Each Prototype would see the Memories/Experiences from Each Prototype passed onto the Latest Prototype, so David 1 has his memories transferred to David 2 Prototype and so forth. Alien Covenant changed things a little (Hence removal of the Weyland Industries Viral Site) But i would like to assume that Each Upgrade would seen Weyland want Davids Soul uploaded to the next Model.
As far as how he sees, i think we can assume he can see pretty similar to how we can, BUT i also think and it was hinted at and indeed covered in the drafts. That Davids Eyes had other abilities, he had a Macro-Vission which meant he could Zoom In on objects, and he also could see in different Spectrum's and See thing things the Naked Human Eye could not.
I certainly would like to eventually see a In-Depth Manual/Tech Book, they could have ONE for the Various Ships, ONE for the Synthetics and Weyland-Yutani Technology and a updated One about the Xenomorph and other Morphs/Black Goo and maybe detailing Davids Experiments. And Finally the Engineers.
Eventually that is... i know we had the Weyland-Yutani Report but i hope for a more improved comprehensive one some day, not saying those who made that have not done well, but at that time we had not COMPLETED our Prequel Series and so Once this (IF it ever) gets done, then we can get some FINISHED Project Books... I would also think S.D. Perry should maybe be given the task to do this, as Once we have everything Told in the Prequels... they would be able to give more than they could while the Prequels were a very much ever changing work in Progress.
I also know we got the David Art-work book but this was more a Art Reference book, than a detailed Journal of what David had been up to.
So you are saying he has eyesight like humans? 32k resolution maybe...zoom lens? You would think they are trying to improve on human eyesight.
It would still be interesting to see how he interprets visual data. Like the Xenomorph POV from Alien:Covenant
It would be cool to have a manual on synthetics! Like some Star Trek tech book.
David is android. BUT! He synthetic, not cybernetic. He was grown, not construct. David is a life form, but on synthetic base instead organic. Yes, he has chip with data base, but his senses like humans.
Androids from Alien Universe =/= androids/robots from another movies, books, ect.
http://myloveofprometheus.blogspot.com
We are now one month away from 'Erko' - share.
"Pandora's Urn" and "Regained" are now finished. Surprisingly I thoroughly enjoyed writing an interpretation of the events of 25th/26th December 2093.
In these final days I will carry out any last minute revisions and corrections to the two texts.
As promised I look forward to releasing it to a wider, though private, audience in time for Christmas.
Once again as this is a discussion forum I should make it clear I have not completed this labour of love to spark discussion, comparison or attempt to second guess earlier aspirations of the director and executive producer of Prometheus that they discussed in the spring of 2012. I have laid out my rule book and interpretative decisions in a 4200 word glossary. They are not right or wrong they are my view.
My reason for posting is simple it is to share a story, the characters and their journey related to the movie Prometheus. To take Science, Faith and Knowledge and find their answers.
Wow, Huge scope BigDave! Great ideas.
Just to add:
David is an android(duh!) I don't think he 'sees' like humans.
His is a digital world...bits/bytes/quantum qbits stuff...infra red/electromagnetic radiation...This is how I imagine his optics work.
Probably sees Shaw as electromagnetic data.
Also, Is he recording what he 'sees'? Does he have access to his past?
Would be nice to view the world from his eyes. I think this would snap the viewers out of this Pinocchio David view.
Nice!
Well this should reveal exactly (or somewhat?) what direction FOX is taking the franchise.
Prometheus/Covenant elements or starting fresh......?
I hope they can make a combat game this time, it's been long time since Aliens Colonial Marines.
I wonder if the tail is going to be bendy wire.
Nevertheless, I'm definitely getting it.
My runner alien figure would love to have a younger version of himself. For nostalgic reasons.
.jpg)
Beautiful! I love it! Thank you for sharing.
The likelihood of this being a sequel to Alien: Isolation is extremely low, I am 99% certain this will be a new title unrelated to Isolation.
I'm also with Leto, I hope Alien: Blackout includes some Prometheus and Covenant aspects. It could help expand the lore while we wait for the next film and possible tv series.
sadly all we can do is hope! other wise why keep liking the series is how I see it but everyone hates the new predator movie. but I went to see it twice XD
Really Like these Chris...
Thanks for the Share ;)
I would like to be able to play the role of a Xenomorph from Face Hugger to say completing a few Egg Morphs... a Xenomorph would have a pretty tough time on its own Surviving Depending on where it is and how many Humans/Synthetics are around... In Space it has a Advantage of the Humans maybe be weary of killing it (Acid Blood/Hull Breach) but on a Outpost thats maybe a different story all together.
I think even a Hadleys Hope Game that gives you the role of a Xenomorph Tasked with taking Colonist back to the Derelict to Produce enough Xenomorph Horde so that you can then OVERRUN Hadleys Hope... i think this would be a Good Bonus Mission.
I think its inevitable that a sequel would be made at some point, with the Cold Iron Studios Game in the Works, maybe a Alien Isolation 2 could be more Survival Horror like the Original.
I would like to be able to play the role of a Xenomorph from Face Hugger to say completing a few Egg Morphs... a Xenomorph would have a pretty tough time on its own Surviving Depending on where it is and how many Humans/Synthetics are around... In Space it has a Advantage of the Humans maybe be weary of killing it (Acid Blood/Hull Breach) but on a Outpost thats maybe a different story all together.
I think even a Hadleys Hope Game that gives you the role of a Xenomorph Tasked with taking Colonist back to the Derelict to Produce enough Xenomorph Horde so that you can then OVERRUN Hadleys Hope... i think this would be a Good Bonus Mission.
Could be a Working Title (subject to change) a lot of Projects begin like that...
Hopefully it does not go back to the Tired Old Shoot-em-up formula.... but i think it may do, if Alien Isolation 2 will give fans the Survival Horror Element.
Hopefully the Project will have a mix of both.. First Person Shooter and Survival Horror. Hit the Balance Right, with a Good Plot and Execution and it could be a WINNER.
I can expand upon that last post and bring back the Dr Shaw Equation....
When talking about some of the works that David had done and those that featured Dr Shaw (Dane Hallet and Matt Hatton) had pondered if these were either just Wild Imagination of David (My take on it) , or if he Resurrected Her over and over (not a fan) or if he Cloned her.
We maybe cant 100% Rule-out the Cloning of her, but here is something interesting to Ponder, if David has some of her DNA, this could be strands of Hair, then it would open up a Plot where its not beyond the Realms of Possibility for David to CLONE Dr Shaw maybe on the Covenant Ship.
He could MOLD Dr Shaw anyway he wishes... HOWEVER, this may be a loss on him, if he only Fell for Dr Shaw because of her Personality/Soul and a Clone would not have her Memories, Emotions and Upbringing that Molded her into the Person she was.... I also think it would be a bit Sketchy to introduce a way that he had obtained her Soul. Maybe this could be accomplished to a small degree, if he has stored in his AI all the Dreams he had been watching of Dr Shaw, during the 2 years she was in Cryo-sleep on the Prometheus.
When i was working on my Prometheus 2 i was to cover how it was such Technologies like that Dream Visor that played a part in Weylands Ambition to be able to Capture our Memories, Dreams and Emotions... and then come up with a way to Transfer these into a AI Program... this was Project Rook.
When Ridley Scott said the next movie was to be about AI, people would automatically think its a Movie about David and he alone (he is the AI) But exploring AI could also include.
*Genetic Modification of Humanoids (especially Human Embryos or even Egg Cells).
*Transferring of a AI Soul into another AI Body or Computer.
*Transferring of a AI Soul into a Organic Body
*Transferring a Humanoids Soul into a AI and then into another Body.
OR.....
*Activation, Building of Multiple Synthetic Androids
*Infiltration/Hacking and Control of other Synthetics and Computer Systems.
But when combined with how RS had implied that Replicants are AI, this to me means he would be exploring something similar and not going to give us a Terminator/I-Robot Multiple Army of Robots Plot.
"Is it that hard to imagine such a scene between David and Shaw?"
Not beyond the realms of possibility, like i had said some-point in this Topic sometimes Rejection can turn Love to Hate, i have seen this happen a few times in Real Life. Where it becomes more Bitterness and Jealousy, which can result in extreme cases to a "if i cant have her then No One Shall" kind of a Reaction. Which i think may have been what happened with David.
Trying to get a bit back to Topic i will mention that it maybe CANT be ruled out that David could be able to Modify those Human Embryos, it depends on what Technology is on the Covenant... we have to ask what was the Original Plan for those Embryos?
This was to have them develop into Humans at some point and so they have to have a Process to be able to Grow those Embryos, would they have been Grown in some Artificial Womb/incubator?
We also have to wonder what Genetic Engineering Knowledge David had gained over the years on Planet 4 and remember the limited tools he had, yet he accomplished so much and its likely the Black Goo provided to be a Good Tool for Genetic Modification, if it is a Form of Radical AI then if David can unlock its secrets then he could maybe use it to Splice Traits/Genomes of any Organism he wishes and Evolve any Traits/Genomes he wishes.
Another thing to consider with his Experiments are that maybe the use of the Black Goo allowed for Accelerated Growth of Organisms and Fetus, this fits with how Rabid we saw the Hammerpedes and Trilobite in Prometheus.
If we look at examples of Genetic Engineering in a number of Sci-Fi movies, we do see that Genetically Modified Humans and/or Clones do appear to be Grown to a Certain/Required age within a Short Space of Time, this includes the Replicants from Blade Runner and also the Clones in The 6th Day Movies.
So if David can unlock a way to alter the Growth Rate of a Human Embryo then he could in effect Grow those Embryos at a faster rate than a Natural Gestation and Growth would require. IF we consider this with maybe Genetic Manipulating to Evolve those Embryos into Superior Humanoids then i think MAYBE this could indeed be part of the Plot for the Sequel to Alien Awakening. If say David could Evolve those Humans and Grow them to the age of Children then by the time he incoming Parties arrive he would have a Colony of Superior Humanoid Children that are FED what ever History, Origin and Religion that David wishes... i pondered this as a Option a while back.... But since RS announced his Raised by Wolves TV Series... i could not help but think is he taking over Plot Elements from the Canned Alien Prequel and using them in his Sci-Fi Series?
Hence the Reason for this Topic.
As long as I can play as the Xenomorph I'm happy
As long as there is a dedicated single player campaign, it should be good. There might have to be some tactical elements to it so it won't be more of the same.
Cool. I hope this game will have prometheus/Covenant elements.













